SOME, ANY E NO: O GUIA COMPLETO DOS QUANTIFICADORES EM INGLÊS
A REGRA GERAL
SOME, ANY e NO são usados diante de substantivos incontáveis ou contáveis no plural, para indicar uma quantidade indefinida (“alguns”, “algum”, “nenhum”). A escolha entre eles depende, em primeiro lugar, do tipo de frase: afirmativa, negativa ou interrogativa.
| Tipo de frase | Palavra usada | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | SOME | I have some money in my wallet. |
| Negativa | ANY (com not) / NO (sem not) | I don’t have any money. = I have no money. |
| Interrogativa | ANY | Do you have any money? |
NO É UMA PALAVRA NEGATIVA POR SI SÓ — CUIDADO COM A DUPLA NEGATIVA
Diferente de SOME e ANY, NO já carrega a negação dentro de si. Por isso, ele nunca é usado junto com “not” ou outro elemento negativo no mesmo verbo — isso criaria uma dupla negação, erro clássico de quem traduz do português (“eu não tenho nenhum dinheiro”) direto para o inglês.
ERRADO
I don’t have no money.
(dupla negativa — incorreto em inglês padrão)
✔ CORRETO
I don’t have any money.
I have no money.
OS CORRELATOS DE SOME
| Correlato | Categoria | Significado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| something | coisa | algo, alguma coisa | She said something strange. |
| someone / somebody | pessoa | alguém | Someone left this bag here. |
| somewhere | lugar | em algum lugar | I’ve seen him somewhere before. |
| sometime | tempo indefinido | em algum momento (futuro) | Let’s have lunch sometime next week. |
| someday | tempo futuro distante | algum dia | Someday, I’ll visit Japan. |
OS CORRELATOS DE ANY
| Correlato | Categoria | Significado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| anything | coisa | nada / qualquer coisa | I don’t want anything to eat. |
| anyone / anybody | pessoa | ninguém / qualquer pessoa | Is anyone home? |
| anywhere | lugar | lugar nenhum / qualquer lugar | I can’t find my keys anywhere. |
| anytime | tempo | a qualquer momento | Call me anytime you need. |
| any + substantivo | escolha livre | qualquer um(a) | Any book on that shelf will help you. |
OS CORRELATOS DE NO
| Correlato | Categoria | Significado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| nothing | coisa | nada | There’s nothing in the fridge. |
| no one / nobody | pessoa | ninguém | Nobody answered the phone. |
| nowhere | lugar | lugar nenhum | There’s nowhere to sit. |
| none | quantidade (partitivo) | nenhum(a) (de um grupo já mencionado) | None of my friends came to the party. |
| no + substantivo | quantidade direta | nenhum(a) (sem “of”) | There are no tickets left. |
TABELA GERAL COMPARATIVA — TODOS OS CORRELATOS LADO A LADO
| Categoria | SOME | ANY | NO |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base | some | any | no |
| Pessoas | someone / somebody | anyone / anybody | no one / nobody |
| Coisas | something | anything | nothing |
| Lugares | somewhere | anywhere | nowhere |
| Tempo | sometime / someday | anytime | — (usa-se never) |
| Quantidade partitiva | some of + grupo | any of + grupo | none of + grupo |
EXCEÇÃO Nº 1 — SOME EM PERGUNTAS: OFERECIMENTOS E PEDIDOS
Quando a pergunta é, na verdade, um oferecimento ou um pedido — e a resposta esperada é “sim” —, usa-se SOME, mesmo sendo uma frase interrogativa.
OFERECIMENTO
Would you like some coffee?
(a pessoa espera que você aceite)
PEDIDO
Could I have some water, please?
(pedido educado, resposta esperada é positiva)
EXCEÇÃO Nº 2 — ANY EM FRASES AFIRMATIVAS
ANY também aparece em frases afirmativas quando significa “qualquer um(a), não importa qual” — e não “algum”. Também é usado depois de palavras “quase negativas” (hardly, barely, scarcely, rarely, without, seldom), que funcionam como negação disfarçada.
| Contexto | Exemplo |
|---|---|
| Qualquer um, sem restrição | Any student can join the club. |
| Depois de IF / WHETHER | Let me know if you need any help. |
| Depois de HARDLY / BARELY / SCARCELY | She hardly has any free time. |
| Depois de WITHOUT | He left without any explanation. |
NO x NOT ANY — MESMA IDEIA, ÊNFASES DIFERENTES
“No” e “not…any” costumam ser intercambiáveis em significado, mas NO soa mais formal e mais enfático — é comum em avisos, textos formais e manchetes.
| Com NO (mais enfático/formal) | Com NOT…ANY (mais neutro/falado) |
|---|---|
| No smoking is allowed here. | Smoking is not allowed here. |
| There is no water left. | There isn’t any water left. |
NONE x NO ONE / NOBODY — NÃO CONFUNDA
NONE é usado para coisas ou grupos (com “of” indicando o grupo específico), enquanto NO ONE e NOBODY são usados apenas para pessoas, sem precisar de “of”.
NONE (coisas / grupo definido)
None of the answers were correct.
None of my books are here.
NO ONE / NOBODY (pessoas, uso geral)
Nobody called me yesterday.
No one knows the answer.
CONCORDÂNCIA VERBAL: UM DETALHE QUE DERRUBA MUITO ALUNO
Todos os compostos com SOME, ANY e NO (someone, anybody, nothing, nobody etc.) são gramaticalmente singulares e exigem verbo na terceira pessoa do singular — mesmo quando a ideia parece “plural” em português.
Regra de ouro:
- Nobody knows the truth. (não: nobody know)
- Everyone is here. (não: everyone are)
- Someone has called you. (não: someone have)
- None pode ser singular ou plural, dependendo do substantivo que segue “of”: None of the milk is left. / None of the students are late.
ERROS MAIS COMUNS DOS ALUNOS BRASILEIROS
ERRO 1
Usar ANY em vez de SOME num oferecimento educado.
Do you want any tea? → ✔ Would you like some tea?
ERRO 2
Criar dupla negação combinando “not” com “no”.
I don’t have no time. → ✔ I don’t have any time.
ERRO 3
Conjugar o verbo no plural depois de “nobody/everyone/someone”.
Nobody know. → ✔ Nobody knows.
ERRO 4
Usar “none” para pessoas em vez de “no one/nobody”.
None called me. → ✔ Nobody called me.
CHECKLIST RÁPIDO ANTES DE ESCOLHER SOME, ANY OU NO
- A frase é afirmativa? Comece pensando em SOME.
- A frase é negativa? Use ANY com “not” ou troque tudo por NO (sem “not”).
- É uma pergunta comum? Use ANY.
- É oferecimento ou pedido educado? Use SOME, mesmo na pergunta.
- O sentido é “qualquer um, tanto faz”? Use ANY, mesmo na afirmativa.
- É sobre pessoa? Nunca use “none” — prefira no one/nobody.
- Composto com some/any/no + verbo? Verbo sempre no singular.
RESUMO FINAL EM UMA ÚNICA TABELA
| Situação | Use | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa comum | some | I need some advice. |
| Negativa comum | any / no | I don’t need any advice. = I need no advice. |
| Interrogativa comum | any | Do you need any advice? |
| Oferecimento / pedido | some | Would you like some advice? |
| “Qualquer um” (afirmativa) | any | Any advice helps at this point. |
| Depois de if / whether / hardly / without | any | I doubt he has any advice to give. |
| Pessoa, sentido geral | no one / nobody | Nobody gave me any advice. |
| Grupo específico (partitivo) | none of | None of my colleagues gave me advice. |
Some, Any, and No - Exercises
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knocked at the door, but when I opened it, was there. I’ve looked for my keys all over the house, but they’re to be found. Maybe at the office picked them up by mistake.
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of my colleagues attended the meeting yesterday. of the information in the report was accurate. Out of all the candidates, was fully prepared for the interview. of the cake is left — we ate it all.
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Nobody in the class the answer to that question. Everyone in the office excited about the new project. None of the milk left in the carton. None of the students late for the exam.
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member of the team can access the shared folder — there are no restrictions. Please let me know if you need assistance during the trip. He hardly eats vegetables, which worries his doctor. She walked into the meeting without preparation at all.
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Sorry, I don’t have extra chairs for the guests. There’s reason to cancel the trip; the weather looks fine. Would you like dessert after dinner? We couldn’t find parking near the restaurant, so we had to walk.
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He has interesting to tell you about his trip. can solve this puzzle — it’s impossible! I haven’t been outside Brazil. There’s wrong with the engine; it just won’t start. in this room speaks French, so we’ll need a translator.
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of the answers on the test were correct — I failed completely. came to help me move the furniture, so I did it alone. of my notes are still in my old backpack. When the fire alarm rang, knew what to do.
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of the passengers on the flight were injured — everyone was safe. Would you like more coffee before we start the meeting? I don’t think will be able to fix this by tomorrow. There’s point in arguing about it now. Even though he studied all night, he felt like he had learned useful for the exam.
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